One clear-cut example of a language that treats many things like predicates, numerals included, is Khoekhoe.
Khoekhoe marks many kinds of predicates the same way, including numerals. The paper argues that all three of the open word classes (nouns, verbs, and adjectives) in Khoekhoe can be analyzed as primarily predicates and non-predicative usage requires more morphology, specifically person-number-gender (PNG) affixes. Nominalizing stuff with a PNG clitic is extremely productive in Khoekhoe.
Here is an excerpt from page 3 of 21 from Predication and NP Structure in an
Omnipredicative Language: The Case of
Khoekhoe by Michael Hahn.
Khoekhoe is an SOV language. The V slot may be occupied by a word from
any of the three open word classes: a verb (1a), an adjective (1b), or
a noun (1cd). Both commons nouns (1c) and proper nouns (1d) can be
used. Even deictic elements (1e-f), numerals (1g), and possessives
(1h) can act as predicates. While the choice of the TAM marker depends
on the predicate, the syntactic behaviour of the different predicates
is entirely parallel:
Here are some examples from the paper.
1a) saa=ts ge ra |khii
you=2ms DECL TAM come
You (m) are coming.
1b) om=s ge (a) kai
house=3fs DECL TAM big
The house is big.
1c) saa=ts ge (a) gao-ao
you=2ms DECL TAM king
You are a king.
1d) saa=ts ge (a) Petru
you=2ms DECL TAM Peter.
You are Peter.
1e) om=s ge (a) nee.
house=3fs DECL TAM this
The house is this one.
1f) tii=ta ge (a) saa
I=1sg DECL TAM you
I am you.
1g) tara=di ge a !nona
women=3fp DECL TAM three
The women are three.
1h) om=s ge a tii
house=3fs DECL TAM mine
The house is mine.